期刊
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
卷 6, 期 11, 页码 -出版社
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191201
关键词
endosymbionts; haplodiploidy; interpopulation variation; maternal effects; mating behaviour; parental effects
资金
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [L18534]
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (KAKENHI) [17K07556]
- University of Vienna
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17K07556] Funding Source: KAKEN
Maternal effects on environmentally induced alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) are poorly understood but likely to be selected for if mothers can reliably predict offspring environments. We assessed maternal effects in two populations (Y and G) of herbivorous arrhenotokous spider mites Tetranychus urticae, where males conditionally express fighting and sneaking tactics in male-male combat and precopulatory guarding behaviour. We hypothesized that resident mothers should adjust their reproduction and sons' ARTs to immigrating alien conspecifics in dependence of alien conspecifics posing a fitness threat or advantage. To induce maternal effects, females were exposed to own or alien socio-environments and mated to own or alien males. Across maternal and sons' reproductive traits, the maternal socio-environment induced stronger effects than the maternal mate, and G-mothers responded more strongly to Y-influence than vice versa. G-socio-environments and Y-mates enhanced maternal egg production in both populations. Maternal exposure to G-socio-environments demoted, yet maternal Y-mates promoted, guarding occurrence and timing by sons. Sneakers guarded earlier than fighters in Y-environments, whereas the opposite happened in G-environments. The endosymbiont Cardinium, present in G, did not exert any classical effect but may have played a role via the shared plant. Our study highlights interpopulation variation in immediate and anticipatory maternal responses to immigrants.
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