Performance appraisal of various nanofluids during hard machining of AISI 4340 steel

The study investigated the cutting performance and comparative assessment towards machinability improvement during hard turning of high-strength-low-alloy (HSLA) AISI 4340 steel using four different compositions of nanofluids by minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique. Cutting are investigated and analyzed through this article during hard turning using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). Cutting force, tool wear (flank and crater), surface integrity (surface roughness, residual stress, microhardness, and surface morphology), and chip morphology are considered as technological performance characteristics to evaluate the machinability of hardened AISI 4340 steel. Additionally, the effect of various fluid properties like thermal conductivity, viscosity, surface tension and contact angle were examined for all nanofluids. Four set of nanofluids were prepared using nanoparticles of ZnO, CuO, Fe2O3 and Al2O3 in deionized water. On comparison among these four nanofluids used, CuO nanofluid exhibited superior behavior followed by ZnO nanofluids while Al2O3 nanofluid was last in the row.