期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
卷 6, 期 12, 页码 761-767出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00638
关键词
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资金
- National Science Foundation (CBET Environmental Engineering) [1803197]
- University of Iowa Center for Global & Regional Environmental Research
- University of Iowa Environmental Health Sciences Research Center (National Institutes of Health) [P30 ES005605]
- University of Iowa Graduate College Post-Comprehensive Fellowship
- University of Iowa Graduate College Summer Fellowship
- University of Iowa Environmental Engineering and Science Wayne L. Paulson Scholarship
- University of Iowa Neil B. Fisher Environmental Engineering Fellowship
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [1803197] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides in the world and are commonly measured in aquatic environments, including freshwater wetlands. We report for the first time the synergistic transformation of neonicotinoids by a Lemna duckweed and microbial system collected from an agricultural pond in Iowa, USA. Imidacloprid and thiacloprid were removed at statistically indistinguishable rates (0.63 +/- 0.07 and 0.62 +/- 0.05 day(-1), respectively) from hydroponic medium only when in the presence of both duckweed and its associated microbial community. As evidence for this duckweed-microbial synergy, experiments with surface-sterilized duckweed, duckweed-associated microbes, pond water microbes alone, and two other plant species (Typha sp. and Ceratophyllum demersum) did not yield significant neonicotinoid removal beyond initial biomass sorption. Degradation of imidacloprid and thiacloprid by the duckweed-microbial system generated multiple, known neonicotinoid metabolites (desnitro-imidacloprid, imidacloprid urea, thiacloprid amide, and 6-chloronicotinic acid). Measured metabolites with increased insect or vertebrate toxicity were either absent (imidacloprid olefin) or present only in small amounts (desnitro-imidacloprid; <1% of the parent). The neonicotinoid parent and metabolite mass balance did not fully account for total neonicotinoid removal, suggesting mineralization and/or other unidentified transformation products with unknown toxicity. This novel duckweed- and microbe-facilitated neonicotinoid degradation may represent an important contribution to the environmental fate of neonicotinoids.
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