期刊
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
卷 10, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01360
关键词
trimethylamine N-oxide; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular disease; inflammation mechanism; clinical prognostic stratification; therapy
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81430098]
- National Key R&D Program of China [2018YFC1704901]
- Beijing Natural Science Foundation [7172185]
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, especially in developed countries, and atherosclerosis (AS) is the common pathological basis of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as coronary heart disease (CHD). The role of the gut microbiota in AS has begun to be appreciated in recent years. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), an important gut microbe-dependent metabolite, is generated from dietary choline, betaine, and L-carnitine. Multiple studies have suggested a correlation between plasma TMAO levels and the risk of AS. However, the mechanism underlying this relationship is still unclear. In this review, we discuss the TMAO-involved mechanisms of atherosclerotic CVD from the perspective of inflammation, inflammation-related immunity, cholesterol metabolism, and atherothrombosis. We also summarize available clinical studies on the role of TMAO in predicting prognostic outcomes, including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), in patients presenting with AS. Finally, since TMAO may be a novel therapeutic target for AS, several therapeutic strategies including drugs, dietary, etc. to lower TMAO levels that are currently being explored are also discussed.
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