Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Diabetes Potential of Water-Soluble Chitosan-Glucose Derivatives Produced by Maillard Reaction

Chitosan-sugar derivatives demonstrate some useful biology activities (for example anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities). In this study, water-soluble chitosan-glucose derivatives (WSCGDs) were produced from a water-soluble chitosan hydrochloride (WSC) with 12.5 kDa of molecular weight and 24.05% of degree of acetylation (DA) via Maillard reaction with the heating temperatures of 100 degrees C and 121 degrees C. The Maillard reaction between WSC and glucose was investigated by measuring the absorbances at 420 nm and 294 nm, indicating that the reaction took place more effectively at 121 degrees C. All WSCGDs exhibited higher anti-oxidant activity than WSC, in which WSCGDs obtained at the treatment 121 degrees C for 2 h, 3 h, and 4 h expressed the highest ability (IC50 range from 1.90-1.05 mg/mL). Increased anti-alpha-amylase and anti-alpha-glucosidase activities were also observed in WSCGDs from the treatment at 121 degrees C. In detail, the highest IC50 values of anti-alpha-amylase activity were 18.02 mg/mL (121 degrees C, 3 h) and 18.37 mg/mL (121 degrees C, 4 h), whereas the highest IC50 values of anti-alpha-glucosidase activity were in range of 7.09-5.72 mg/mL (121 degrees C, for 1-4 h). According to the results, WSCGD obtained from 121 degrees C for 3 h was selected for further characterizing by high performance liquid chromatography size exclusion chromatography (HPLC SEC), colloid titration, FTIR, as well as 1H-NMR, indicating that the derivative of WSC and glucose was successfully synthesized with a molecular weight of 15.1 kDa and degree of substitution (DS) of 34.62 +/- 2.78%. By expressing the excellent anti-oxidant and anti-diabetes activities, WSCGDs may have potential use in health food or medicine applications.