Humidity Driven Transition from Insulator to Ionic Conductor in Portland Cement

This work aims to assess ionic conduction in anhydrous cement particles and hydrated cement pastes with aging periods of 5-25 days. When a cement sample was humidified (relative humidity = 100%) over the range of 50-100 degrees C, it exhibited bulk conductivities of 10(-3)-10(-2) S cm(-1), regardless of the hydration level, whereas the interfacial conductivities varied in the range of 10(-7)-10(-3) S cm(-1), depending on the structural defects or conduction pathways of the sample. Both the bulk and interfacial conductivities were increased to 0.01 S cm(-1) or higher at 100 degrees C, although the sample required previous moistening with water mist. The major charge carrier in the sample was determined to be hydroxide ions, and the total ion transport number was approximately 1. Exposing the sample to a mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor caused a decrease in the bulk and interfacial conductivities; however, the bulk conductivity was returned to the initial value by treatment with an acid.