期刊
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
卷 10, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
NATURE RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11666-z
关键词
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资金
- U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
- LLNLLDRD Program [14-ERD-018]
- Lawrence Fellowship
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-NA0002442]
- DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
Transit through the carbon liquid phase has significant consequences for the subsequent formation of solid nanocarbon detonation products. We report dynamic measurements of liquid carbon condensation and solidification into nano-onions over similar to 200 ns by analysis of time-resolved, small-angle X-ray scattering data acquired during detonation of a hydrogen-free explosive, DNTF (3,4-bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl) furoxan). Further, thermochemical modeling predicts a direct liquid to solid graphite phase transition for DNTF products similar to 200 ns post-detonation. Solid detonation products were collected and characterized by high-resolution electron microscopy to confirm the abundance of carbon nano-onions with an average diameter of similar to 10 nm, matching the dynamic measurements. We analyze other carbon-rich explosives by similar methods to systematically explore different regions of the carbon phase diagram traversed during detonation. Our results suggest a potential pathway to the efficient production of carbon nano-onions, while offering insight into the phase transformation kinetics of liquid carbon under extreme pressures and temperatures.
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