Twenty-Three-Hour-Stay Colectomy Without Increased Readmissions: An Analysis of 1905 Cases from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program

Background Isolated case series from highly specialized centers suggest the feasibility of a 23-h hospital stay after colectomy. We sought to determine preoperative variables associated with discharge within 23 h after colectomy to identify patients best suited for a short-stay model. Methods The American College of Surgeons NSQIP Colectomy-Targeted database was used to identify patients who underwent elective colectomy from 2012 to 2017. All cases with missing length of stay or inpatient death were excluded. Patients with a postoperative hospital stay <= 1 day were identified. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with early discharge. Results A total of 1905 patients were discharged within 23 h after surgery (1.6%). These patients were noted to be younger (59 versus 61 years, p < 0.001) and less likely to have insulin-dependent diabetes (3.0 versus 4.4%, p < 0.001), preoperative dyspnea (2.2 versus 6.0%, p < 0.001), COPD (3.0 versus 4.2%, p = 0.011), and hypertension (40.7 versus 46.9%, p < 0.001) than patients who stayed longer. Shorter operative time (OR 0.986, 95% CI 0.985-0.987, p < 0.001), minimally invasive techniques (OR 2.969, 95% CI 2.686-3.282, p < 0.001), lack of ostomy (OR 0.614, 95% CI 0.478-0.788, p < 0.001), and lack of ureteral stenting (OR 0.641, 95% CI 0.500-0.821, p < 0.001) were associated with early discharge in multivariable analysis. There was no increased incidence of readmission in patients discharged within 23 h. Conclusions Twenty-three-hour-stay colectomy is feasible on a national level and does not result in an increased incidence of readmission. Patients undergoing elective procedures without significant medical comorbidities may be eligible for early discharge. Preoperative factors may be used to select patients best suited for this short-stay model.