Nrf2: Redox and Metabolic Regulator of Stem Cell State and Function

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is ubiquitously expressed in most eukaryotic cells and functions to induce a broad range of defenses against exogenous and endogenous stresses, including oxidants, xenobiotics, and excessive nutrient/metabolite supply. Because the production and fate of stem cells are often r d by cellular redox and metabolic homeostasis, important roles of Nrf2 have emerged in the regulation of stem cell quiescence, survival, self renewal, proliferation, senescence, and differentiation. In a rapidly advancing field, this review summarizes Nrf2 signaling in the context of stem cell state and function and provides a rationale for Nrf2 as a therapeutic target in stem cell-based regenerative medicine.