期刊
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
卷 40, 期 11, 页码 998-1010出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.09.003
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资金
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences
Eukaryotic genomes contain virus-derived sequences called endogenous virus elements (EVEs). The majority of EVEs are related to retroviruses, which integrate into the host genome in order to replicate. Some retroviral EVEs encode a function; for example, some produce proteins that block infection by related viruses. EVEs derived from nonretroviral viruses - also recently found in many eukaryotic genomes - are more enigmatic. Here, we summarize the evidence that EVEs can act as templates to generate Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), whose canonical function is sequence-specific silencing of transposable elements (TEs) to maintain genomic integrity. We argue that EVEs may thus enable heritable, sequence-specific antiviral immune memory in eukaryotes-analogous to CRISPR-Cas immunity in prokaryotes.
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