期刊
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
卷 688, 期 -, 页码 653-663出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.285
关键词
Pharmaceutical and personal care products; Pakistan; Urbanization; LC-MS/MS; Risk assessment
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41573102, 41673099]
- Fujian Province by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province [2017J06013]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) President's International fellowship for Postdoctoral Researchers [2015PE004]
- Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS [2016280]
Due to the lack of wastewater treatment facility in Pakistan, the wastewater is directly discharged via urban drains, which might cause a high load of contaminants of emerging concerns and potential environmental risks. The present study focused on the occurrence and risk assessment of 52 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) of diversified classes in the water and sediment samples of urban drains and canal of Lahore, Pakistan. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were the predominant PPCPs detected in the wastewater of urban drains and surface water of canal. The highest concentration was observed for acetaminophen, with median concentration of 13,880 ng/L followed by caffeine with median concentration of 6200 ng/L. Antibiotics were the predominant PPM in the sediment samples with highest concentration of ofloxacin (median value of 1980 mu g/kg) followed by ciprofloxacin and oxytetracycline. Spatial variation showed that the population density has significant correlation with the level of many PPCPs in surface water while one of the drainage systems is affected by the direct wastewater discharge from the nearby industrial arca. Ecological risk assessment in terms of risk quotient revealed that most of the PPCPs may cause high risk to the aquatic community. This high risk may lead to further contamination of food and crops. therefore enforcement of environmental legislations for treatment of wastewater is recommended. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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