期刊
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
卷 688, 期 -, 页码 224-230出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.126
关键词
Rainwater harvesting; Arsenic contamination; Drinking water; Bolivian Altiplano; Latin America; Mining pollution
资金
- Vlaams PartnerschapWater voor Ontwikkeling
- Province of West-Vlaanderen
- City of Antwerp
- Wereldmissiehulp
- Beauvent
Drinking water sources used by largely rural and indigenous communities around Lake Poopo in the Bolivian Altiplano are impacted by drought and a combination of natural and anthropogenic mining-related contaminants putting the long-term health and sustainability of these communities at risk. As an alternative drinking water source, 18 rainwater harvesting tanks connected to corrugated iron roofs, each with a first-flush system, were installed in 5 communities around the lake. The water quality of these tanks was monitored over 22 months and compared to alternative unprotected surface and groundwater sources the communities previously relied upon. The rainwater quality was found to be within the Bolivian and World Health Organization (WHO) limits, except for elevated arsenic concentrations two times the recommended health limit (0.01 mg/L). Tracing arsenic concentrations through the rainwater flow-path showed that the elevated arsenic concentrations result from mineral dust particles entering the system when rainwater interacts with the roof catchment, with arsenic leaching out. A leaching test showed that 24 h of contact time between 200 mL of water and <1 g of roof dust is enough to raise the arsenic levels of the water above the Bolivian and WHO limit. Currently, no other research exists evaluating the quality of harvested rainwater in the Bolivian Altiplano for human consumption or the source of arsenic in harvested water. This represents a significant knowledge gap for future development practitioners and programs addressing water security around Lake Poopo and the wider region. As a result, it is strongly recommended to include arsenic as a standard parameter in water quality monitoring of rainwater harvesting projects, especially in active mining regions, and to optimize strategies to minimize roof dust from entering the collection system. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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