Mapping of QTL and identification of candidate genes conferring spontaneous haploid genome doubling in maize (Zea mays L.)

In vivo doubled haploid (DH) technology is widely used in commercial maize (Zea mays L.) breeding. Haploid genome doubling is a critical step in DH breeding. In this study, inbred lines GF1 (0.65), GF3(0.29), and GF5 (0) with high, moderate, and poor spontaneous haploid genome doubling (SHGD), respectively, were selected to develop mapping populations for SHGD. Three QTL, qshgd1, qshgd2, and qshgd3, related to SHGD were identified by selective genotyping. With the exception of qshgd3, the source of haploid genome doubling alleles were derived from GF1. Furthermore, RNA-Seq was conducted to identify putative candidate genes between GF1 and GF5 within the qshgdl region. A differentially expressed formin-like protein 5 transcript was identified within the qshgd1 region.