The effect of sleep deficiency on esophageal acid exposure of healthy controls and patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

Background Studies have demonstrated a bi-directional relationship between sleep deficiency and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, there is limited data on how sleep deficiency affects esophageal acid exposure. We aimed to compare the effect of sleep deficiency on esophageal acid exposure of healthy controls versus GERD patients. Methods Eleven patients from each of 2 groups were randomized to undergo pH-testing after 2 consecutive days of 7-8 hours of sleep per night (normal sleep) or 2 consecutive days of 4 hours of sleep per night (deficient sleep). All subjects then crossed over to the other arm, after 1-week washout period. While subjects were instructed to follow the study sleep protocol, actigraphy ensured subjects followed required sleeping time during study period. Key Results After normal sleep, all healthy controls had normal esophageal acid exposure. After deficient sleep, 5 healthy controls demonstrated an abnormal pH test. Overall, there was a significant increase in reflux parameters after deficient sleep as compared with normal sleep (% total time-6.15 +/- 5.89 vs 1.74 +/- 1.54, % upright time-4.72 +/- 5.36 vs 0.87 +/- 1.28, P < .05, respectively). After normal sleep, 6 GERD patients (54.5%) demonstrated an abnormal pH-testing. After deficient sleep, 10 GERD patients (90.9%) demonstrated an abnormal pH-testing. GERD patients demonstrated significantly higher reflux parameters than healthy controls after normal sleep (% total time-5.02 +/- 3.45 vs 1.74 +/- 1.54, % upright time-4.11 +/- 3.98 vs 0.87 +/- 1.28, P < .05, respectively). Conclusions & Inferences Sleep deficiency increased esophageal acid exposure in both healthy controls and GERD patients. Sleep deficiency also resulted in abnormal pH tests in almost half of healthy controls.