期刊
NANO LETTERS
卷 19, 期 11, 页码 7988-7995出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03143
关键词
Electrochromic; gap plasmon; dynamic tuning; optical properties; nanophotonics
类别
资金
- Rubicon Fellowship from the Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)
- Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES-II), an Energy Frontier Research Center - US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160]
- Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship Program - Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
- U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-NA-0003525]
- National Science Foundation [ECCS-1542152]
Plasmonic antennas and metasurfaces can effectively control light-matter interactions, and this facilitates a deterministic design of optical materials properties, including structural color. However, these optical properties are generally fixed after synthesis and fabrication, while many modern-day optics applications require active, low-power, and nonvolatile tuning. These needs have spurred broad research activities aimed at identifying materials and resonant structures capable of achieving large, dynamic changes in optical properties, especially in the challenging visible spectral range. In this work, we demonstrate dynamic tuning of polarization-dependent gap plasmon resonators that contain the electrochromic oxide WO3. Its refractive index in the visible changes continuously from n = 2.1 to 1.9 upon electrochemical lithium insertion and removal in a solid-state device. By incorporating WO3 into a gap plasmon resonator, the resonant wavelength can be shifted continuously and reversibly by up to 58 nm with less than 2 V electrochemical bias voltage. The resonator can remain in a tuned state for tens of minutes under open circuit conditions.
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