期刊
JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY
卷 159, 期 4, 页码 1640-1652出版社
MOSBY-ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.09.121
关键词
acute lung injury; airway lavage; alveolar recruitment; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; chimerism; cross-circulation; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ex vivo lung perfusion; infrared thermography; lung bioengineering; lung transplantation; medical thermography; normothermic organ perfusion; organ shortage; regenerative medicine; swine model; tissue engineering; transplantation; whole organ bioreactor
资金
- National Institutes of Health [HL120046, HL134760, HL007854, HL143733, EB027062]
- Richard Bartlett Foundation
- Blavatnik Foundation
- Mikati Foundation
Objectives: Lung remains the least-utilized solid organ for transplantation. Efforts to recover donor lungs with reversible injuries using ex vivo perfusion systems are limited to<24 hours of support. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of extending normothermic extracorporeal lung support to 4 days using crosscirculation with conscious swine. Methods: A swine behavioral training program and custom enclosure were developed to enable multiday cross-circulation between extracorporeal lungs and recipient swine. Lungs were ventilated and perfused in a normothermic chamber for 4 days. Longitudinal analyses of extracorporeal lungs (ie, functional assessments, multiscale imaging, cytokine quantification, and cellular assays) and recipient swine (eg, vital signs and blood and tissue analyses) were performed. Results: Throughout 4 days of normothermic support, extracorporeal lung function was maintained (arterial oxygen tension/inspired oxygen fraction>400 mm Hg; compliance>20 mL/cm H2O), and recipient swine were hemodynamically stable (lactate <3 mmol/L; pH, 7.42 +/- 0.05). Radiography revealed wellaerated lower lobes and consolidation in upper lobes of extracorporeal lungs, and bronchoscopy showed healthy airways without edema or secretions. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin (IL) 4, IL-6, and IL-10 levels increased less than 6-fold, whereas interferon gamma, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels decreased from baseline to day 4. Histologic evaluations confirmed an intact blood-gas barrier and outstanding preservation of airway and alveolar architecture. Cellular viability and metabolism in extracorporeal lungs were confirmed after 4 days. Conclusions: We demonstrate feasibility of normothermic maintenance of extracorporeal lungs for 4 days by cross-circulation with conscious swine. Crosscirculation approaches could support the recovery of damaged lungs and enable organ bioengineering to improve transplant outcomes.
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