Experimental investigation of the influence of fluid-fluid interactions on oil recovery during low salinity water flooding

This study aims to investigate the role of fluid-fluid interactions during low salinity water flooding, using crude oil from an Iranian oil reservoir. To minimize the effects of mineral heterogeneity and wettability alteration, a synthetic sintered glass core was utilized and all coreflooding experiments were performed at low temperatures without any aging process. The effect of fluid-fluid interactions were investigated in both secondary and tertiary injection modes. pH measurements as well as UV-Vis spectroscopy and interfacial tension (IFT) analysis were performed on the effluent brine samples. Results: show that fluid-fluid interactions, mainly the dissolution of crude oil polar components into the brine, significantly affect brine physical and interfacial properties. In secondary injection scenario, two times diluted seawater (2SW), which has the lowest IFT value, exhibits the highest (81%) oil recovery factor. While the lowest recovery factor (60.75%) was observed for the case of formation water (FW) injection. To explore the effect of contacting time, after 48 h soaking, brine injection was resumed. The effluent pH measurement at this stage showed a reduction, where the UV-Vis spectroscopy and IFT measurements confirmed dissolution of the crude oil polar components into the brine. The results showed that as brine salinity decreases, the amount of dissociated polar components increases. pH value of ten times diluted sea water (10SW) was reduced from its initial value of 7.45 to 4.22, while FW exhibits minor pH variation. Consequently, 10SW, which dissolved highest amount of polar components, depicts the highest recovery factor (6%) after soaking. Contrary to this, in tertiary injection mode, the high amount of saline brine in the core (because of FW injection at secondary stage) hinders the potential for more production for SW, 2SW and 10SW injection as all resulted to lower recovery factor compared to their secondary counterparts.