Xylodon flaviporus-Derived Drimane Sesquiterpenoids That Inhibit Osteoclast Differentiation

The presence of excessive osteoclasts is a major factor in skeletal diseases. The present study aimed to discover osteoclast differentiation inhibitors from the basidiomycete Xylodon flaviporus. Seven new drimane sesquiterpenoids (1-7) and 7-ketoisodrimenin-5-ene (8) were obtained and characterized by various spectroscopic methods. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-B ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow macrophages. Compounds 1, 3, and 6 showed potent activities with IC50 values of 1.6, 0.9, and 2.1 mu M, respectively, while 4, 5, and 7 exhibited relatively weak activities with IC50 values of 10.7, 10.1, and 8.5 mu M, respectively.