Global, regional, and national burden of Hodgkin lymphoma from 1990 to 2017: estimates from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study

Background Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon B cell lymphoma. We assessed the global, regional, and national burden of HL from 1990 to 2017, by gender, age, and social-demographic index (SDI). Methods Data on HL, including incidence, mortality, and disability adjusted life-years (DALY), from 1990 to 2017 were obtained from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess incidence rate, mortality, and DALY trends. Results HL incidences increased by 38.66%, from 72,937 in 1990 to 101,133 in 2017, while the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was relatively stable. ASIR decreased in the low SDI regions (EAPC = - 2.58; 95% CI, from - 2.66 to - 2.49) and was stable in the other four SDI regions. Incidence showed a bimodal distribution with peak values in patients aged 20-39 years and patients aged 60 years or higher. The number of death cases and DALYs were stable. The age-standardized death rate decreased by 2.36% (95% CI, from - 2.43% to - 2.30%) per year. The annual age-standardized DALY rate decreased by 2.29% (95% CI, from - 2.36% to - 2.21%). The incidence and mortality in male subjects was higher than that in female subjects. The incidence in male and female subjects aged 15-30 years old was close, whereas the biggest difference existed in patients aged < 10 years old and 45-75 years old between genders. Conclusion Globally, incidence of HL was stable, while mortality and DALY rate of HL had been decreasing from 1990 to 2017. Compared with lower and decreasing ASIR in the low SDI region, ASIR in the high SDI region was always high, indicating the need for HL treatment improvement and the establishment of more targeted and specific strategies in high SDI countries to reduce the incidence of HL.