The significance of anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor antibodies in cryptococcal infection: case series and review of antibody testing

We report two cases of cryptococcosis, associated with anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor antibodies. We review this recently identified acquired form of autoimmune immune deficiency and discuss the potential applications of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor antibody testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.