期刊
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS
卷 34, 期 6, 页码 5063-5072出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2923027
关键词
Alternating direction method of multipliers; battery swapping station; microgrid; operation scheduling; uncertainty
This paper proposes optimal operation scheduling of a Microgrid (MG) and battery swapping stations (BSSs) as two independent stakeholders with inherently conflicting objectives. In this regard, a bi-level scheduling framework for optimal decision making of MG and BSSs is presented. Moreover, battery degradation cost is explicitly modeled based on the depth of discharge and the cycle life's intrinsic behavior of batteries. In order to tackle both historical data-based and human-related uncertainties under incomplete information including load demand of MG, photovoltaic generation, wholesale market prices, and swapping requests, a hybrid probabilistic-possibilistic approach considering correlation among uncertainties has been developed. To solve the proposed MG-BSS optimization problem, alternative direction method of multipliers (ADMM) with restart algorithm in a fully decentralized fashion is implemented. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated on a real-test MG system under different scenarios. Moreover, to compare the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm with the standard ADMM and investigate the scalability of the algorithm, extensive simulations are carried out on different standard test system.
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