期刊
HYDROBIOLOGIA
卷 847, 期 21, 页码 4359-4375出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10750-019-04087-y
关键词
Harmful algal blooms; Toxins; Management; Pollution
资金
- National Science Foundation of China [41573076, 41830757, 41671494]
- US National Science Foundation [OCE 07269989, 0812913, 0825466, 1840715, CBET 0826819, 1831096]
- National Institutes of Health [1P01ES028939-01, 1P01ES028942]
- US Department of Agriculture (NRI Project) [00-35101-9981]
- US EPA-STAR [R82-5243-010, R82867701]
- NOAA/North Carolina Sea Grant Program [R/MER-43, R/MER-47]
- NOAA/Ohio Sea Grant Program
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) are an increasingly common feature of large, eutrophic lakes. Non-N-2-fixing CyanoHABs (e.g., Microcystis) appear to be proliferating relative to N-2-fixing CyanoHABs in systems receiving increasing nutrient loads. This shift reflects increasing external nitrogen (N) inputs, and a>50-year legacy of excessive phosphorus (P) and N loading. Phosphorus is effectively retained in legacy-impacted systems, while N may be retained or lost to the atmosphere in gaseous forms (e.g., N-2, NH3, N2O). Biological control on N inputs versus outputs, or the balance between N-2 fixation versus denitrification, favors the latter, especially in lakes undergoing accelerating eutrophication, although denitrification removal efficiency is inhibited by increasing external N loads. Phytoplankton in eutrophic lakes have become more responsive to N inputs relative to P, despite sustained increases in N loading. From a nutrient management perspective, this suggests a need to change the freshwater nutrient limitation and input reduction paradigms; a shift from an exclusive focus on P limitation to a dual N and P co-limitation and management strategy. The recent proliferation of toxic non-N-2-fixing CyanoHABs, and ever-increasing N and P legacy stores, argues for such a strategy if we are to mitigate eutrophication and CyanoHAB expansion globally.
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