期刊
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
卷 47, 期 2, 页码 -出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2019GL085335
关键词
glacier; fjord; autonomous kayaks; submarine melt; plumes
资金
- NSF OPP [1503910, 1504191, 1504288, 1504521]
- National Geographic Grant [CP4-171R-17]
- NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program [NA18NWS4620043B]
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [1504521, 1504191, 1504288] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [1503910] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Submarine melting has been implicated as a driver of glacier retreat and sea level rise, but to date melting has been difficult to observe and quantify. As a result, melt rates have been estimated from parameterizations that are largely unconstrained by observations, particularly at the near-vertical termini of tidewater glaciers. With standard coefficients, these melt parameterizations predict that ambient melting (the melt away from subglacial discharge outlets) is negligible compared to discharge-driven melting for typical tidewater glaciers. Here, we present new data from LeConte Glacier, Alaska, that challenges this paradigm. Using autonomous kayaks, we observe ambient meltwater intrusions that are ubiquitous within 400 m of the terminus, and we provide the first characterization of their properties, structure, and distribution. Our results suggest that ambient melt rates are substantially higher (x100) than standard theory predicts and that ambient melting is a significant part of the total submarine melt flux. We explore modifications to the prevalent melt parameterization to provide a path forward for improved modeling of ocean-glacier interactions.
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