4.5 Article

Male-male competition and repeated evolution of terrestrial breeding in Atlantic Coastal Forest frogs

期刊

EVOLUTION
卷 74, 期 2, 页码 459-475

出版社

OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1111/evo.13879

关键词

Correlated evolution; Cycloramphus; reproductive mode; sexual selection; sexual size dimorphism; Zachaenus

资金

  1. Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2014/24972-4, 2016/06876-3, 2018/17993-6, 2008/50928-1, 2013/50741-7, 2014/50342-8, 2001/05470-8, 2003/10335-8]
  2. Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) [001]
  3. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Terrestrial breeding is a derived condition in frogs, with multiple transitions from an aquatic ancestor. Shifts in reproductive mode often involve changes in habitat use, and these are typically associated with diversification in body plans, with repeated transitions imposing similar selective pressures. We examine the diversification of reproductive modes, male and female body sizes, and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in the Neotropical frog genera Cycloramphus and Zachaenus, both endemic to the Atlantic rainforest of Brazil. Species in this clade either breed in rocky streams (saxicolous) or in terrestrial environments, allowing us to investigate reproductive habitat shifts. We constructed a multilocus molecular phylogeny and inferred evolutionary histories of reproductive habitats, body sizes, and SSD. The common ancestor was small, saxicolous, and had low SSD. Terrestrial breeding evolved independently three times and we found a significant association between reproductive habitat and SSD, with shifts to terrestrial breeding evolving in correlation with decreases in male body size, but not female body size. Terrestrial breeding increases the availability of breeding sites and results in concealment of amplexus, egg-laying, and parental care, therefore reducing male-male competition at all stages of reproduction. We conclude that correlated evolution of terrestrial reproduction and small males is due to release from intense male-male competition that is typical of exposed saxicolous breeding.

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