期刊
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
卷 183, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109576
关键词
Formaldehyde (FA); The Hormesis effect; Cell proliferation; Cell division; The Warburg effect
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31772471]
Formaldehyde (FA), a ubiquitous indoor environmental pollutant, has been classified as a carcinogen. There are many studies showed that low levels of FA could promote cell proliferation, however, little is known about the signal pathways. To determine the potential molecular mechanisms, human chronic myeloid leukemia cells (K562 cells) and human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE cells) were exposed to different concentrations of FA. The data showed that FA at 0-125 mu M or 0-60 mu M promoted the proliferation of K562 cells or 16HBE cells respectively, indicating that FA did have the Hormesis effect. FA at 75 mu M (K562 cells) and 40 mu M (16HBE cells) significantly promoted cell proliferation, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and decreased glutathione (GSH) content. At the same time, FA treatment induced a marked increase in the key molecules of cell division like CyclinD-cdk4 and E2F1. In addition, pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 (PKM2), glucose, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), lactic acid and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) content in the Warburg effect were increased. Administering Vitamin E (VE), significantly disrupted cell division and disturbed the Warburg effect, effectively indicating the decrease of cell activity. Conclusively, these findings suggested that low concentrations of FA could promote cell proliferation by accelerating cell division process or enhancing the Warburg effect to embody the Hormesis effect.
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