Medical use, non-medical use and use disorders of benzodiazepines and prescription opioids in adults: Differences by insurance status

Objectives: To report and analyze prevalence's of Benzodiazepines (BZDs) and Prescription Opioids (POs) use by insurance status and to investigate associations between insurance status and BZDs, POs and concurrent medical/non-medical use and use disorders. Methods: This study included 81,133 adults ages 18 and older from 2015 and 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Participants' self-reported past- year medical use, non-medical use and use disorders of BZDs and POs were assessed, along with their insurance status (Private/Military, Medicare, Medicaid, and Uninsured) and demographic characteristics. Results: In 2015-2016, 12.6% of adults reported using BZDs and 36.9% reported using POs in the past year. Among adults, 8.3% reported past-year use of both BZDs and POs; also, 1.9% and 3.8% reported non-medical use of BZDs and POs, respectively, and 0.9% reported non-medical use of both BZDs and POs. Medicaid-covered respondents had higher risk of BZDs (aRRR = 1.59, 95%CI = [1,45, 1.74]), POs (aRRR = L66, 95%CI = [1.54, 1.79]) and concurrent past-year medical use (aRRR = 2.11, 95%Cl = [1.87, 2.38]), higher risk of BZDs non-medical use (aRRR = 1.40, 95%CI = [1.17, 1.68]) and BZD Use Disorders (aRRR = 2.60, 95%0 = [1.82, 3.72]), POs non-medical use (aRRR = 1.67, 95%CI = [1.4S, 1.92]), PO use Disorders (aRRR = 4.12, 95%CI = [3.33, 5.11]) and concurrent non-medical use (aRRR = 1.52, 95%CI = [1.20, 1.92]) and Use Disorders (aRRR = 3.68, 95%CI = [1.93, 6.78]), compared to those with private insurance. Conclusions: Future health policies should focus on reducing individual and co-prescription of BZDs and POs and providing different strategies of pain management.