Incorporation of natural waste from agricultural and aquacultural farming as supplementary materials with green concrete: A review

The principal objective of this review manuscript is to reassess the studies on the incorporation of emerging natural wastes from agricultural farming (NWAGF) and natural wastes from aquacultural farming (NWAQF) as supplementary material in the development of diverse green concretes. Intending to dispose off or at least prevent these types of wastes from converting to heaps of health hazards, the systematic consumption of them is essential. This paper reviews applications of some of the natural wastes of agriculture farming obtained from Bamboo; Corn or Maize; Barley; Wheat; Olive; Bananas or Plantains; Elephant grass; Sisal; and Date or Date Palm, as well as of aquaculture farming achieved from Oyster and Mussel along with Periwinkle shells to utilize it as partial replacement of aggregates or binder in green concrete. Thus, systematic applications of these wastes will not only facilitate to preserve restricted natural resources of accustomed aggregates of concrete but also lend a hand to solve the predicaments of landfilling and health hazards owing to its disposal in open spaces. Replacement of OPC by these wastes escorts to mitigate CO2 emissions into the atmosphere which, in turn, provides relief to global warming. This paper also reviews the effect of the said wastes on the workability, strength and durability performance of the green concrete. The principal findings of this review revealed that NWAGF and NWAQF as supplementary materials could be successfully incorporated through partial replacement of OPC or fine or coarse aggregates in producing green concrete mixtures facilitating to protect environments from contaminations. Nonetheless, a momentous inevitability is experienced to comprehend it more appositely. The best verdict of this review paper state that even though the addition of NWAGF and NWAQF in green concrete demonstrated some of the attributes inauspiciously, but suitable treatment techniques and proper selection of these supplementary materials would unquestionably smooth the progress of the production of green concrete with enhanced performances. Novel updated data to know a variety of NWAGF and NWAQF are essential for the incorporation of apposite supplementary materials to develop environmental friendly sustainable green concrete that not merely conserve the severe degradation of restricted natural resources but also shield from the pessimistic impact on environments, air, groundwater, soils, etc.