A novel itaconic acid-graphite composite anode for enhanced lithium storage in lithium ion batteries

An itaconic acid-graphite composite anode is prepared for lithium ion batteries. The composite anode exhibits much improved electrochemical performances compared to the traditional graphite anode. A high specific capacity of 571 mAh g(-1) can be obtained at 25 mA g(-1) in the voltage range of 0.01-3.0 V vs. Li/Li+, and retained 96.8% at 10 A g(-1). After cycled 200 cycles at 100 mA g(-1) charge/200 mA g(-1) discharge, a reversible capacity of 693 mAh g(-1) still can be achieved. At 0.01-1.5 V vs. Li/Li+, it still delivers a specific capacity of 460 mAh g(-1), higher than the theoretical capacity of graphite (372 mAh g(-1)). The reversible lithiation/delithiation process of both itaconic acid and graphite contribute the high capacity. The excellent rate performances are related to the buffering of the itaconic acid matrix combining its superior lithium storage capability. And the stable solid electrolyte interphase formed on the electrode during electrochemical cycling is the main factor for the stable cycle. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.