期刊
ARCHAEOMETRY
卷 62, 期 2, 页码 314-328出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/arcm.12514
关键词
Iberian Peninsula; Chalcolithic; micro-EDXRF; micro-Raman; micro-PIXE; copper ore; elemental composition; mineralogical composition
资金
- European Regional Development Fund through the COMPETE 2020 Programme
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [UID/Multi/04349/2019, UID/GEO/50019/2019]
- Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry LAQV - FCT/MEC [UID/QUI/50006/2019]
- ERDF under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007265]
Copper ores recovered at the third millennium bce settlement of Sao Pedro, Portugal, were characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy, micro-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (micro-EDXRF) and micro-particle-induced X-ray emission spectrometry (micro-PIXE). The collection shows the common presence of secondary copper minerals (malachite, pseudomalachite and libethenite) combined with iron oxyhydroxides (hematite and goethite), while arsenic-rich minerals are absent and, therefore, can be excluded as the source of arsenical copper. Overall, these copper ores suggest a primitive technology involving the exploitation of the superficial zone of ore bodies and reliant on the fortuitous finding of arsenic-rich sources to produce the arsenical copper alloy frequently present among metallic collections of the Iberian Peninsula.
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