Rapid and Tunable Assisted-Microwave Preparation of Glass and Glass-Ceramic Thiophosphate Li7P3S11 Li-Ion Conductors

Glass and glass-ceramic samples of metastable lithium thiophosphates with compositions of 70Li(2)S-30P(2)S(5) and Li7P3S11 were controllably prepared by using a rapid assisted-microwave procedure in under 30 min. The rapid preparation times and weak coupling of the evacuated silica ampules with microwave radiation ensure minimal reactivity of the reactants and the container. The microwave-prepared samples display comparable conductivity values with more conventionally prepared (melt quenched) glass and glass-ceramic samples, on the order of 0.1 and 1 mS cm(-1) at room temperature, respectively. Rietveld analysis of synchrotron X-ray diffraction data acquired with an internal standard quantitatively yields phase amounts of the glassy and amorphous components, establishing the tunable nature of the microwave preparation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirm the composition and the appropriate ratios of isolated and corner-sharing tetrahedra in these semicrystalline systems. Solid-state Li-7 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy resolves the seven crystallographic Li sites in the crystalline compound into three main environments. The diffusion behavior of these Li environments as obtained from pulsed-field gradient NMR methods can be separated into one slow and one fast component. The rapid and tunable approach to the preparation of high quality Li7P3S11 samples presented here coupled with detailed structural and compositional analysis opens the door to new and promising metastable solid electrolytes.