Ultrahigh-throughput screening enables efficient single-round oxidase remodelling

Biocatalysis provides a potentially sustainable means of chemical manufacturing. However, the tailoring of enzymes to industrial processes is often laborious and time consuming, which limits the broad implementation of this approach. High-throughput screening methods can expedite the search for suitable catalysts, but are often constrained by the need for labelled substrates. The generalization of such techniques would therefore significantly expand their impact. Here we have established a versatile ultrahigh-throughput microfluidic assay that enables isolation of functional oxidases from libraries that contain up to 10(7) members. The increased throughput over prevalent methods led to complete active-site remodelling of cyclohexylamine oxidase in one round of directed evolution. A 960-fold increase in catalytic efficiency afforded an enzyme with wild-type levels of activity for a non-natural substrate, allowing biocatalytic synthesis of a sterically demanding pharmaceutical intermediate with complete stereocontrol. The coupled enzyme assay is label free and can be easily adapted to re-engineer any oxidase.