期刊
CANCERS
卷 11, 期 9, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091265
关键词
HCC; gene therapy; clinical trials; nanoparticles; viruses
类别
资金
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) [1R01DK107451-01A1]
- National Cancer Institute (NCI) [1R01CA230561-01A1, 1R01CA240004-01]
- Department of Defense (DOD) [CA170048]
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related deaths world-wide. Liver transplantation, surgical resection, trans-arterial chemoembolization, and radio frequency ablation are effective strategies to treat early stage HCC. Unfortunately, HCC is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and there are not many treatment options for late stage HCC. First-line therapy for late stage HCC includes sorafenib and lenvatinib. However, these treatments provide only an approximate three month increase in survival. Besides, they cannot specifically target cancer cells that lead to a wide array of side effects. Patients on these drugs develop resistance within a few months and have to rely on second-line therapy that includes regorafenib, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and cabometyx. These disadvantages make gene therapy approach to treat HCC an attractive option. The two important questions that researchers have been trying to answer in the last 2-3 decades are what genes should be targeted and what delivery systems should be used. The objective of this review is to analyze the changing landscape of HCC gene therapy, with a focus on these two questions.
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