期刊
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRIC SCIENCES
卷 29, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S2045796019000441
关键词
Depression; epidemiology; health outcomes; sleep
类别
资金
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada [G-16-00014245]
Aims. The goals of the present study were to examine the associations between depressive symptoms, sleep problems and the risk of developing heart disease in a Canadian community sample. Methods. Baseline data were from the CARTaGENE study, a community health survey of adults aged 40-69 years in Quebec, Canada. Incidence of heart disease was examined in N = 33 455 participants by linking survey data with administrative health insurance data. Incident heart disease was identified using the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases, 9th or 10th edition (ICD-9 and ICD-10) diagnostic codes for heart disease. Sleep problems were assessed with diagnostic codes for sleep disorders within the 2 years preceding the baseline assessment. Average sleep duration was assessed by selfreport. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Results. In total, 2448 (7.3%) participants developed heart disease over an average follow-up period of 4.6 years. Compared to those without depressive symptoms and with no sleep disorders, those with elevated depressive symptoms and a sleep disorder (HR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.83-3.69), those with depressive symptoms alone (HR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.25-1.57) and those with sleep disorders alone (HR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.03-1.73) were more likely to develop heart disease. Test of additive interaction suggested a synergistic interaction between depressive symptoms and sleep disorders (synergy index = 2.17 [95% CI 1.01-4.64]). When sleep duration was considered, those with long sleep duration and elevated depressive symptoms were more likely to develop heart disease than those with long sleep alone (HR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.37-2.28; and HR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.99-1.36, respectively). Conclusions. Depression and diagnosed sleep disorders or long sleep duration are independent risk factors for heart disease and are associated with a stronger risk of heart disease when occurring together.
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