Micro solid-phase extraction (pipette tip and spin column) and thin film solid-phase microextraction: Miniaturized concepts for chromatographic analysis

Despite the significant advances in analytical instruments, applying a sample preparation step before the final analysis has a great deal of importance. This fact is attributed to the complexity of the sample matrices and the existence of the analytes at trace levels. The recent trends in analytical chemistry are focused on downscaling and development of new sample preparation methods. Micro solid-phase extraction (pipette tip and spin column) and thin film solid-phase microextraction are among the relatively new miniaturized concepts, which have recently achieved much attention thanks to their unique advantages. In this review, these methods and their latest achievements, including possible configurations, different types of exploited commercial and synthesized sorbents, and their potential for automation and routine laboratory tasks are discussed. Finally, the chromatographic applications of these methods are investigated for the analysis of different analytes in various sample matrices. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.