The prospective and potential of carbonic anhydrase for carbon dioxide sequestration: A critical review

From 1990 to 2000, carbon dioxide emissions increased dramatically by 13% and are estimated to increase by 30-50% until 2050, which has already caused global warming and affected the environment and human health care. Moreover, carbon dioxide has dramatically increased up to 20 times in atmosphere, and the temperature of earth surface also raised 1 degrees C from the past fifty years. Although novel and globally technologies integrated carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) is already considered, there are still significant challenges of cost, economic barriers, and uncertainties on environmental impacts. One promising way to mediate those issues is to use carbonic anhydrase (CA) as enzyme based is eco-friendly and no secondary pollutant will emerge. In order to propose CM for carbon fixation, high stable CM on the extreme and harsh environment is essential and urgent. This review aims to present advanced developments in CA, efficient strategies engineering to improve the productivity and stability, immobilization techniques towards an industrial operating system, and also highlight recent challenges in the CM area along with perspective has also conducted.