24-Epibrassinolide treatment regulates broccoli yellowing during shelf life

To explore the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on the postharvest yellowing of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) florets, these were treated with 0-20 mu M EBR and kept at 4 degrees C for 24 days (shelf life). Changes in color, chlorophyll fluorescence, chloroplast ultrastructure, and in the activities of enzymes and expression of genes related to ethylene synthesis and chlorophyll degradation were determined. Low EBR concentrations (2-5 mu M) effectively inhibited the yellowing of broccoli, while high EBR concentrations (15-20 mu M) accelerated it. On the 24th day, the grana thylakoids of the chloroplasts of 2 mu M EBR-treated florets were neatly arranged and clearly visible, while the chloroplast membrane and grana thylakoids of the chloroplast of 20 mu M EBR-treated florets were dissolved. Chlorophyll fluorescence was significantly higher in broccoli florets treated with low EBR concentrations than in control broccoli; the opposite was found for broccoli treated with high EBR concentrations. In 20 mu M EBR- treated broccoli, the expressions of the genes coding for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase 4 (BoACS4), ACC oxidase 3 (BoACO3), pheophytinase (PPH), and polyamine oxidase (PaO) were increased, accelerating the degradation of chlorophyll, while in 2 mu M EBR-treated broccoli the expressions of BoACS4 and BoACO3 were lower than in control broccoli, thereby reducing the production of endogenous ethylene and delaying yellowing. Thus, treatment with 2 mu M EBR extends the shelf life of broccoli.