期刊
NEUROIMAGE
卷 196, 期 -, 页码 16-31出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.074
关键词
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资金
- Russian Science Foundation [17-18-01047]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Canada First Research Excellence Fund (Vision: Science to Applications)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN-2016-053430]
- Russian Academic Excellence Project 5-100
- Russian Science Foundation [17-18-01047] Funding Source: Russian Science Foundation
Working memory, a fundamental cognitive function that is highly dependent on the integrity of the prefrontal cortex, is known to show age-related decline across the typical healthy adult lifespan. Moreover, we know from work in neurophysiology that the prefrontal cortex is disproportionately susceptibly to the pathological effects of aging. The n-back task is arguably the most ubiquitous cognitive task for investigating working memory performance. Many functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies examine brain regions engaged during performance of the n-back task in adults. The current meta-analyses are the first to examine concordance and age-related changes across the healthy adult lifespan in brain areas engaged when performing the n-back task. We compile data from eligible fMRI articles that report stereotaxic coordinates of brain activity from healthy adults in three age-groups: young (23.57 +/- 5.63 years), middle-aged (38.13 +/- 5.63 years) and older (66.86 +/- 5.70 years) adults. Findings show that the three groups share concordance in the engagement of parietal and cingulate cortices, which have been consistently identified as core areas involved in working memory; as well as the insula, claustrum, and cerebellum, which have not been highlighted as areas involved in working memory. Critically, prefrontal cortex engagement is concordant for young, to a lesser degree for middle-aged adults, and absent in older adults, suggesting a gradual linear decline in concordance of prefrontal cortex engagement. Our results provide important new knowledge for improving methodology and theories of cognition across the lifespan.
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