期刊
NANO LETTERS
卷 19, 期 9, 页码 6400-6409出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02579
关键词
Nanoporous graphene; salt rejection; gating; finite element modeling; quantum capacitance
类别
资金
- Binnig and Rohrer Nanotechnology Center of ETH Zurich
- IBM Zurich
- ETH startup fund
Atomically thin porous graphene is emerging as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation membrane material owing to the ultrahigh permeation. However, the transport selectivity relies on the precise control over pore size and shape which considerably compromises the scalability. Here, we study electrolyte permeation through a sheet of large area, porous graphene, with relatively large pore sizes of 20 +/- 10 nm. Counterintuitively, a high degree of salt rejection is observed by electrostatic gating, reducing the diffusive flux by up to 1 order of magnitude. We systematically investigate the effects of salt concentration and species, including developing a theory to model the electrolyte diffusion through a nanopore drilled in a sheet of gated graphene. The interplay between graphene quantum capacitance and the electrical double layer is found to selectively modulate the anionic and cationic transport paths, creating voltage-dependent electrochemical barriers when the pore size is comparable to the Debye length. Our findings reveal a new degree of freedom regulating electrolyte permeation through porous two-dimensional materials, complementary to the pore size design and engineering.
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