Folate-Targeted and Oxygen/Indocyanine Green-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles for Dual-Mode Imaging and Photo-sonodynamic/Photothermal Therapy of Ovarian Cancer in Vitro and in Vivo

We have successfully fabricated versatile folate-targeted and oxygen/indocyanine green-loaded lipid nanoparticles (FA-OINPs) for dual-mode imaging-guided therapy in ovarian cancer cells and subcutaneous xenograft models. FA-OINPs were demonstrated to have great potential as superb contrast agents to enhance ultrasound and photoacoustic (US/PA) imaging We have successfully fabricated versatile folate-targeted and oxygen/indocyanine green-loaded lipid nanoparticles (FAOINPs) for dual-mode imaging-guided therapy in ovarian cancer cells and subcutaneous xenograft models. FA-OINPs were demonstrated to have great potential as superb contrast agents to enhance ultrasound and photoacoustic (US/PA) imaging in vitro and in vivo. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry analysis verified that FA-OINPs could specifically target SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells and be endocytosed with a remarkable efficiency. Compared with other therapeutic options, FA-OINPs exhibited an excellent therapeutic outcome after exposure to laser and ultrasound. The MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis confirmed that cytotoxicity effects and apoptosis/necrosis rates were significantly increased. The fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence microplate reader detection validated that the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was dramatically improved. Immunohistochemical analyses of tumor tissues demonstrated the enhanced tumor apoptosis, the decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvascular density (MVD) expression, and the decreased expression of CD68 after treatment. The presented results suggest that photosonodynamic/photothermal mediated FA-OINPs could provide a promising strategy for synergistic therapy in ovarian cancer with the guidance of US/PA dual-mode imaging.