期刊
MOLECULAR CANCER
卷 18, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1055-6
关键词
Neoantigen; Tumor; Vaccine; Malignancy; Immunotherapy
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81572787, 81672683, 81672993, 81672688, 81702907, 81772901, 81772928, 81803025, 81872278]
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation (111 Project) [111-2-12]
- Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province [2016JC2035, 2017SK2105, 2018JJ3704, 2018JJ3815, 2018SK21210, 2018SK21211]
Genetic instability of tumor cells often leads to the occurrence of a large number of mutations, and expression of non-synonymous mutations can produce tumor-specific antigens called neoantigens. Neoantigens are highly immunogenic as they are not expressed in normal tissues. They can activate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to generate immune response and have the potential to become new targets of tumor immunotherapy. The development of bioinformatics technology has accelerated the identification of neoantigens. The combination of different algorithms to identify and predict the affinity of neoantigens to major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) or the immunogenicity of neoantigens is mainly based on the whole-exome sequencing technology. Tumor vaccines targeting neoantigens mainly include nucleic acid, dendritic cell (DC)-based, tumor cell, and synthetic long peptide (SLP) vaccines. The combination with immune checkpoint inhibition therapy or radiotherapy and chemotherapy might achieve better therapeutic effects. Currently, several clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of these vaccines. Further development of sequencing technologies and bioinformatics algorithms, as well as an improvement in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying tumor development, will expand the application of neoantigen vaccines in the future.
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