期刊
MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
卷 151, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104780
关键词
TTX; STX; Native puffer fish; Chemical oceanography; Marine toxins
资金
- SNMB-INOV
- Operational Program Mar 2020, Portugal 2020
- project Cigua - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [PTDC/CTA-AMB/30557/2017]
- project Cigua - FEDER [PTDC/CTA-AMB/30557/2017]
- FCT [UID/Multi/04326/2019]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PTDC/CTA-AMB/30557/2017] Funding Source: FCT
The presence in EU waters of invasive tetrodotoxin (TTX) -harbouring puffer fishes has been receiving increasingly attention due to potential new threats posed by this potent neurotoxin. The present study investigates the occurrence of tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin (STX), and their analogues in two native puffer fish species from the NE Atlantic. High TTX content was detected by LC-MS/MS in several tissues of the Guinean puffer Sphoeroides marmoratus from Madeira Island (Portugal), reaching concentrations as high as 15 mg TTX kg(-1) in the digestive tract of a male specimen and 7.4 mg TTX kg(-1) in gonads of a female specimen. Several TTX analogues were also detected, including the 4-epi-TTX, 4,9-Anhydro-TTX, 5- 11- deoxyTTX and 6,11-dideoxyTTX. Although at low levels, STX was detected in liver of the Oceanic puffer Lagocephalus lagocephalus. Trace levels of decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX) were also observed in L. lagocephalus. This study reports the presence of TTX and STX in native fish from EU waters, highlighting the need for a proper understating of the origin, distribution and fate of these toxins in NE Atlantic.
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