How Do Bioplastics and Fossil-Based Plastics Play in a Circular Economy?

Because plastics contribute to healthy and sound everyday life, global usage volume of plastic is expected to increase. However, the chemical industry is facing challenges in plastics from the viewpoints of resource depletion and environmental burden. These trends have led to discussions on how plastics should move forward in a sustainable society and a circular economy considering resource conversion, efficient after-use utilization, and environmental protection. Bioplastics, both bio-based and biodegradable, have reemerged as potential solutions. To clarify the role of bio-based, biodegradable, and fossil-based plastics, it is meaningful to assess lessons learned from experiences in the 1990s and 2000s. Although industries have been delivering solutions through the provision of materials, a coordinated and innovative approach throughout the value chain is necessary to achieve an integrated business model that incorporates efficient resource utilization, applications, and after-use utilization, including chemical recycling, mechanical recycling, and energy/thermal recovery.