Doppler scale estimation for varied speed mobile frequency-hopped binary frequency-shift keying underwater acoustic communication

An optimized Doppler scale factor estimation method based on wavelet de-noising is proposed in this paper to improve the performance of frequency-hopped binary frequency-shift keying mobile underwater acoustic communication. The method is with regard to the Doppler scale factors of multiple symbols as a whole and focuses on the continuous variation overall trends, rather than the association between two adjacent symbols. The proposed method was demonstrated in a shallow water experiment conducted in November 2018 at Songhua River in Heilongjiang, China. Experimental data collected showed a bit error rate less than 10(-4) with a data rate of 65.41 bps at a moving speed of 2.0-6.2 m/s over the horizontal range of 0.68-1.6km.