Electrochemical Investigation of Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode and its Application in Ketoconazole Determination

Ketoconazole (KCZ) is an extensively used antifungal compound and is an active ingredient of anti-scaling shampoos, pomades, and skin ointments. In this work, the cyclic voltammetric behaviour of KCZ was studied with a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The conditions for KCZ determination with GC/AuNP were optimised to achieve the best possible response. A pre-adsorption voltage of -1.6 V, a deposition time of 120 s, pH 4.0, and stirring of the KCZ solution during deposition were chosen as the optimum conditions for KCZ determination. The anodic peak at 0.697V was used for KCZ determination. A linear concentration range of 20-100 mu M (R-2 = 0.9986) and a detection limit of 2.3 mu M (3 sigma) was achieved for KCZ using the GC/AuNP electrode.