Performance of different macrophytes in the decontamination of and electricity generation from swine wastewater via an integrated constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell process

Plants constitute a major element of constructed wetlands (CWs). In this study, a coupled system comprising an integrated vertical flow CW (IVCW) and a microbial fuel cell (MFC) for swinewastewater treatmentwasdeveloped to research the effects ofmacrophytescommonly employed in CWs, Canna indica, Acorus calamus, andIpomoea aquatica, on decontamination and electricity productioninthe system. Because of the different root typesandamounts ofoxygen released by the roots, the rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4thorn -N) removal from the swine wastewater differed as well. In the unplanted, Canna indica, Acorus calamus, and Ipomoea aquatica systems, the COD removal rates were 80.20%, 88.07%, 84.70%, and 82.20%, respectively, and the NH4thorn -N removal rates were 49.96%, 75.02%, 70.25%, and 68.47%, respectively. The decontamination capability of the Canna indica system was better than those of the other systems. The average output voltages were 520 +/- 42, 715 +/- 20, 660 +/- 27, and 752 +/- 26 mVfor the unplanted, Canna indica, Acorus calamus, andIpomoea aquatica systems, respectively, and the maximum power densities were 0.2230, 0.4136, 0.3614, and 0.4964W/m3, respectively. Ipomoea aquatica had the largest effect on bioelectricity generation promotion. In addition, electrochemically active bacteria, Geobacter and Desulfuromonas, were detected in the anodic biofilm by high-throughput sequencing analysis, and Comamonas (Proteobacteria), which iswidely found in MFCs, was also detected in the anodic biofilm. These results confirmed the important role of plants in IVCWeMFCs. (c) 2019 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.