期刊
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
卷 151, 期 6, 页码 -出版社
AIP Publishing
DOI: 10.1063/1.5100736
关键词
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资金
- National Science Foundation [CHE-1839155]
- Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada Postgraduate Scholarship Doctoral (NSERC PGS D) program
- Research Corporation for Scientific Advancement
We present a general formalism for studying the effects of heterogeneity in open quantum systems. We develop this formalism in the state space of density operators, on which ensembles of quantum states can be conveniently represented by probability distributions. We describe how this representation reduces ambiguity in the definition of quantum ensembles by providing the ability to explicitly separate classical and quantum sources of probabilistic uncertainty. We then derive explicit equations of motion for state space distributions of both open and closed quantum systems and demonstrate that resulting dynamics take a fluid mechanical form analogous to a classical probability fluid on Hamiltonian phase space, thus enabling a straightforward quantum generalization of Liouville's theorem. We illustrate the utility of our formalism by analyzing the dynamics of an open two-level system using the state-space formalism that is shown to be consistent with the derived analytical results. Published under license by AIP Publishing.
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