Impact of statin therapy on plasma adiponectin concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 randomized controlled trial arms

Background and aims: The effect of statin therapy on plasma adiponectin levels has not been conclusively studied. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate this effect through a systematic review and meta-analysis of available randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: Quantitative data synthesis was performed using a random-effects model with weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as summary statistics. Results: In 30 studies (43 study arms) with 2953 participants, a significant increase in plasma adiponectin levels was observed after statin therapy (WMD: 0.57 mu g/mL, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.95, p = 0.004). In subgroup analysis, atorvastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin and pitavastatin were found to change plasma adiponectin concentrations by 0.70 mu g/mL (95% CI: -0.26, 1.65), 0.50 mu g/mL (95% CI: -0.44, 1.45), -0.70 mu g/mL (95% CI: -1.08, -0.33), 0.62 mu g/mL (95% CI: -0.12, 1.35), and 0.51 mu g/mL (95% CI: 0.30, 0.72), respectively. With respect to duration of treatment, there was a significant increase in the subset of trials lasting >= 12 weeks (WMD: 0.88 mu g/mL, 95% CI: 0.19, 1.57, p = 0.012) but not in the subset of < 12 weeks of duration (WMD: 0.18 mu g/mL, 95% CI: -0.23, 0.58, p = 0.390). Random-effects meta-regression suggested a significant association between statin-induced elevation of plasma adiponectin and changes in plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (slope: 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.06; p = 0.002). Conclusions: The meta-analysis showed a significant increase in plasma adiponectin levels following statin therapy. Although statins are known to increase the risk for new onset diabetes mellitus, our data might suggest that the mechanism for this is unlikely to be due to a reduction in adiponectin expression. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.