期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 20, 期 18, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184338
关键词
TORC2; adipogenesis; preadipocytes proliferation and differentiation; transcription factors; luciferase reporter assay; bovine adipocytes; nuclear protein; intramuscular fat; DNA-Protein interaction; gene regulation
资金
- National Science and Technology Support Projects [2015BAD03B04]
- National 863 Program of China [2013AA102505]
- National Modern Agricultural Industry Special Program [CARS-37]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2018YFD0501700]
- National Beef and Yak Industrial Technology System grant [CARS-38]
- Technical Innovation Engineering Project of Shaanxi Province [2014KTZB02-02-01]
The TORC2 gene is a member of the transducer of the regulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein gene family, which plays a key role in metabolism and adipogenesis. In the present study, we confirmed the role of TORC2 in bovine preadipocyte proliferation through cell cycle staining flow cytometry, cell counting assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining (EdU), and mRNA and protein expression analysis of proliferation- related marker genes. In addition, Oil red O staining analysis, immunofluorescence of adiponectin, mRNA and protein level expression of lipid related marker genes confirmed the role of TORC2 in the regulation of bovine adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, the transcription start site and sub-cellular localization of the TORC2 gene was identified in bovine adipocytes. To investigate the underlying regulatory mechanism of the bovine TORC2, we cloned a 1990 bp of the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) promoter region into a luciferase reporter vector and seven vector fragments were constructed through serial deletion of the 5'UTR flanking region. The core promoter region of the TORC2 gene was identified at location -314 to -69 bp upstream of the transcription start site. Based on the results of the transcriptional activities of the promoter vector fragments, luciferase activities of mutated fragments and siRNAs interference, four transcription factors (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein C/BEP gamma, X-box binding protein 1 XBP1, Insulinoma-associated 1 INSM1, and Zinc finger protein 263 ZNF263) were identified as the transcriptional regulators of TORC2 gene. These findings were further confirmed through Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) within nuclear extracts of bovine adipocytes. Furthermore, we also identified that C/EBP gamma, XBP1, INSM1 and ZNF263 regulate TORC2 gene as activators in the promoter region. We can conclude that TORC2 gene is potentially a positive regulator of adipogenesis. These findings will not only provide an insight for the improvement of intramuscular fat in cattle, but will enhance our understanding regarding therapeutic intervention of metabolic syndrome and obesity in public health as well.
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