期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 20, 期 19, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194687
关键词
exosome; microRNA; tumor microenvironment; cancer therapy; cancer diagnosis; brain tumors
资金
- Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro AIRC [IG 2013 N.14046, IG 2016 N. 8473]
- POR Campania FESR 2014-2020 SATIN
- European GRANT (IF_MSCA) [838988]
- Fondazione Umberto Veronesi individual Fellowship
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [838988] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released into biological fluids where they act as carriers of various molecules, including proteins, lipids, and RNAs, between cells, modulating or perturbing specific physiological processes. Recently, it has been suggested that tumoral cells release excessive amounts of exosomes that, through their cargo, promote tumor progression, stimulating growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, insensitivity to chemotherapy, and immune evasion. Increasing evidence highlights exosomal microRNAs (exo-miRNAs) as important players in tumorigenesis. MicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of small non-coding RNA able to regulate gene expression, targeting multiple mRNAs and inducing translational repression and/or mRNA degradation. Exo-miRNAs are highly stable and easily detectable in biological fluids, and for these reasons, miRNAs are potential cancer biomarkers useful diagnostically and prognostically. Furthermore, since exosomes are natural delivery systems between cells, they can be appropriately modified to carry therapeutic miRNAs to specific recipient cells. Here we summarize the main functions of exo-miRNAs and their possible role for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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