Binary-Ternary Bi2S3-AgBiS2 Rod-to-Rod Transformation via Anisotropic Partial Cation Exchange Reaction

Nanoscale chemical transformations based on partial cation exchange reactions are known as a component-increased, shape-maintaining means for the design and tunable preparation of ternary or multinary metal chalcogenide compounds. Herein, we present a new material couple, Bi2S3-AgBiS2, to detail the binary-ternary chemical transformation via partial cation exchange and its reaction thermodynamics and kinetics. The preformed Bi2S3 nanorods (NRs) act as both the reactant and the parent template, within which the partial exchange of Bi3+ with Ag+ cations proceeds under a silver-rich, diffusion-controlled regime, leading to formation of energetically favorable AgBiS2. The NR shape preservation involving sulfur sublattice rearrangement is due to the proper diameter thickness (similar to 12 nm) of parent Bi2S3 NRs and the rapid establishment of equilibrium-phase AgBiS2, as supported by X-ray diffraction measurements and the pseudobinary Ag2S-Bi2S3 phase diagram. Interestingly, the finding of a AgBiS2-Bi2S3-AgBiS2 intermediate with axially segmented heterostructures reveals the real NR-to-NR conversion trajectory and the shape-induced exchange reaction anisotropy at the ends and middle of Bi2S3 NRs. Additionally, the resultant AgBiS2 NRs with a measured band gap of similar to 0.86 eV exhibit potential for photoelectronic applications because of their impressive visible-near-infrared absorption and photoconductivity.